How does "structural functionalism" view society?

Structural functionalism views society as a complex system made up of interrelated parts that work together to promote stability and social order. This perspective emphasizes the significance of each component of society, such as institutions, norms, and values, and how they contribute to the overall functioning of the social system. Proponents of structural functionalism, like Emile Durkheim, argue that these elements must cooperate for society to function smoothly. When one part of the system malfunctions or is disrupted, it can lead to instability, which demonstrates the importance of maintaining balance and social cohesion.

In this framework, societal elements are compared to parts of a living organism, where each part has a specific role that contributes to the health and functionality of the whole. This perspective stands in contrast to other sociological theories, which might emphasize conflict or individual behavior without acknowledging the systematic interdependencies that help maintain order in society.