How is "race" defined in sociology?

In sociology, "race" is understood primarily as a social construct that categorizes individuals based on perceived physical differences, such as skin color, facial features, and hair type. This perspective emphasizes that race is not rooted in any inherent biological or genetic reality; rather, it is shaped by social, historical, and political contexts. The concept of race is used to create social hierarchies and distinctions, affecting people's identities and experiences within society.

By recognizing race as a social construct, sociology encourages the examination of how racial categories are formed, maintained, and challenged, as well as their implications for inequality and discrimination. This understanding highlights the importance of societal perceptions and the fluidity of racial categories over time and across cultures.