What does "self-fulfilling prophecy" mean in sociological terms?

In sociological terms, a self-fulfilling prophecy refers to a belief or expectation that influences individuals’ behavior in such a way that it causes the expectation to become true. For example, if teachers expect a particular student to excel, they may give that student more attention and encouragement, which can lead to improved performance from the student. This concept illustrates how perceptions and expectations can shape reality within social interactions and structures.

The other options do not adequately capture the essence of a self-fulfilling prophecy. For instance, a prophecy with no impact on behavior does not lead to any change or realization of expectations, which contradicts the definition. Similarly, a prediction that discredits social norms does not necessarily involve personal behavior or outcomes based on those predictions, rather it suggests a rejection of the norms themselves. Finally, an expectation that is always false fails to embody the dynamic nature of self-fulfilling prophecies, where initially false beliefs can lead to outcomes that validate those beliefs through behavioral changes.