What is "demography" primarily concerned with?

Demography is primarily concerned with the statistical study of populations and their trends. It involves analyzing various characteristics of populations, such as size, distribution, density, and changes over time, including births, deaths, migration, and aging patterns. Demographers utilize data to understand how populations grow, shrink, and change, which can have significant implications for societal planning, resource allocation, public policy, and understanding social dynamics. This field of study provides essential insights into how human populations interact with economic, environmental, and social factors, making it a vital discipline within sociology and related fields.

The other choices touch on topics that are indeed relevant in social sciences but do not capture the primary focus of demography, which is fundamentally about population data and trends.