What is indicated by the term "social disorganization"?

The term "social disorganization" refers to a situation in which social bonds, norms, and structures within a community become weakened or disrupted. This can lead to a breakdown in social order, increase in crime, and a general decline in societal cohesion.

When social bonds and norms are diminished, individuals may feel less connected to their community and less guided by shared values, which can result in negative social outcomes. This phenomenon is often studied in sociology to understand the relationship between social structures and individual behavior. For instance, in areas where social disorganization is prevalent, there may be an increase in deviant behavior as societal controls weaken.

In contrast, the other options reflect more stable or improving social conditions. An increase in social norms or the strengthening of social bonds indicates a cohesive community, while the establishment of new social norms suggests adaptation or evolution rather than disorganization. Thus, the correct answer accurately captures the essence of what social disorganization signifies in sociological terms.