What is the key difference between quantitative and qualitative research methods?

The key difference between quantitative and qualitative research methods lies in the type of data they rely on and the research goals they pursue. Quantitative research is centered on numerical data, which allows for statistical analysis, measurement, and generalization of findings to larger populations. This method often employs structured tools like surveys and questionnaires to gather data that can be quantified and analyzed mathematically.

In contrast, qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena through detailed observation, interviews, and open-ended questions. It aims to capture the complexity of human experiences and social contexts, emphasizing depth over breadth. This approach is more subjective and explores meanings, perceptions, and motivations, rather than relying solely on numerical representations.

By highlighting the reliance on numerical data for quantitative methods and observation for qualitative ones, the distinction clarifies how each approach addresses research questions differently and serves unique purposes in sociological inquiry.