What is the main focus of conflict theory in sociology?

Conflict theory in sociology primarily focuses on the competition for resources and power within society. It posits that social structures and institutions are often organized around the unequal distribution of power and resources, leading to conflicts between different groups. These conflicts arise because society is composed of various groups with differing interests, and power dynamics create tensions and struggles as these groups vie for limited resources such as wealth, status, and influence.

This perspective highlights that societal change often stems from these conflicts, as oppressed groups challenge those in power in pursuit of equity and justice. It emphasizes the significance of economic and material conditions in shaping social relations, underscoring that rather than being based on consensus and cohesion, society is characterized by ongoing conflict which drives social change. Understanding this competition is crucial for analyzing societal dynamics and the stratification of classes, ethnicities, and other social categories.