What is the primary difference between "ascribed" and "achieved" status?

The primary distinction between ascribed and achieved status is that ascribed status is assigned at birth and includes characteristics such as race, gender, and family background, which individuals do not choose. In contrast, achieved status is acquired through individual actions, efforts, and choices, such as education, profession, or accomplishments. This difference emphasizes the roles of social structure and personal agency in shaping an individual's identity and social position.

Understanding this concept is vital in sociology as it highlights how some aspects of identity are predetermined by societal norms and structures, while others are influenced by personal decisions and circumstances. This distinction can significantly affect one's opportunities, societal perceptions, and overall life trajectory.