Introductory Sociology CLEP Prep Practice Exam

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Who associated with labeling theory?

Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Herbert Spencer
Howard Saul Becker

The correct answer is: Howard Saul Becker

Howard Saul Becker is most commonly associated with labeling theory, which proposes that individuals are given labels by society and those labels can largely influence their behavior and perception of themselves. Emile Durkheim is known for developing the theory of functionalism, which emphasizes the importance of social institutions in maintaining social order. Max Weber is known for his contributions to the field of sociology, including his work on the relationship between bureaucracy and rationalization in modern society. Herbert Spencer is known for coining the phrase "survival of the fittest" and is often associated with social Darwinism. None of these sociologists are directly associated with labeling theory.